Maketing Process Various Element Essay Example for Free

Maketing Process Various Element Essay The focus is the mass production. A business orientated around production believes that the economies of scale generated by mass production will reduce costs and maximise profits. In this process there is less focus on product design and packaging and even to be special or unique look, at the end customer are paying for the product and you pay for what you get. So for this is a plain marketing in my opinion. Product Orientation This approach is almost opposite to the previous one. This type of companies believes that its products high quality make it a superior product. Neglecting sometimes about the customer’s wants and needs. Sales Orientation Make the product, and then sell it to the target market. However as we know sales usually arent this simple. An effective marketing strategy requires market and marketing research. Market Orientation This type of strategy puts every effort to understand the customer and his needs. Market research is the key to launching new products or services, every single step. Jack Cohen started his business in a very critical period for the UK there where a food shortage after the First World War and a big crisis just got to its top Situation was very difficult! Jack Cohen applied a strategy of ‘pile it high and sell it cheap’. His strategy was a great success because he knew exactly what customer’s need and so for all his focus is to make sure there enough food for everyone. In London space is limited he went outside to bigger space this step was a great success. Jack Cohen did adapt to this problem of space by giving Tesco bigger place to promote its products. As he was focused on sales and customer needs he should have been on top of it all time but it did come a period where he didn’t realise that people after 2nd world war are changing and needs are not simple are very variable and complex, customers are looking for more than just what would satisfy their basic needs! And that’s where Tesco life cycle got into its down or decline that’s where Tesco did face problem. After a good few years of hardship Tesco managers have had another way of sorting all in once getting help from local authorities this was the key door to a new era Tesco newly born and adapting to the market needs segmentation of the market through offering different stores in size and product will make Tesco the though number1 of stores as different ages and categories is attracted, he had the price already in good and successful strategy low enough to attract individuals from low household income and the loyalty cards that offers more saving. According to (Kotler, Marketing management) marketing should be dealt with and visualised around minimum 4 elements, product, place, price, and promotion and in further editions of his book he added other elements to those as politic, public†¦ I think Tesco have a good name and long history and that needs to be highlighted more and more, a good marketing strategy needs on top of pricing as well positioning the product and make it unique in satisfying that group of people’s needs, so for sibling a group of people and making a product to satisfy their needs and give it the price that makes them happy and promoting this product. Sale is the outcome or a result but don’t forget to make them come back by giving after sale service, where the customer will be secure and happy knowing he has been backed up by you the seller. Your supermarket or place of shopping, it’s not only where you buy your food supply from as well as the name that you trust and adhere to, as a business focusing on your existing customers it’s a better strategy than trying always to win more customers. By listening to your customers and knowing their needs and the after sales service will give the company a longer life cycle.

The Writings of Zora Neale Hurston Examine the Relationships Between th

The Writings of Zora Neale Hurston Examine the Relationships Between the Sexes African-American literature is the voice of a race and a people who have a very passionate existence. They have existed in harsh conditions in this country for many, many generations. Their stories told orally, and those that were eventually written down, describe life as members of African tribes forced to adapt their cultural beliefs to a new way of life, slaves with almost no rights or respect, finally free men and women, and as American citizens who are also black. In their writings the reader comes to understand the African-American history and community. By far, one of the most wonderful, fascinating aspects of the African-American community is the emphasis on the relationships between the sexes. Authors such as Alice Walker, Lorraine Hansberry, Toni Morrison and many other wonderful female writers give their readers an understanding of the beauty, pain, ecstasy, and confusion that exist in the relationships of African American men and women. All of the authors mentioned are female because à ¬their literature is about black women; it takes the trouble to record the thoughts, words, feelings, and deeds of black women, experiences that make the realities of being black in America look very different from what men have writtenà ®(Washington 35). Zora Neale Hurston, one of the most famous and passionate black writers of the twentieth century, wrote many stories about women and their relationships. à ¬The Guilded Six-bits,à ® and à ¬Magnolia Flowerà ® are two examples by Hurston in which the female characters play a large role in the dynamics of the story and the relationship. In these stories, the men and women find their roles as lovers, her... ...lack, Reading Feminist: A Critical Anthology. Ed. Henry Louis Gates, Jr. New York: Meridian, 1990. 307-317. Hurston, Zora Neale. The Complete Stories of Zora Neale Hurston. New York: Harper, 1995. Lionnet, Francoise. à ¬Autoethnography: The An-Archic Style of Dust Tracks on a Road.à ® Reading Black, Reading Feminist: A Critical Anthology. Ed. Henry Louis Gates, Jr. New York: Meridian, 1990. 382-394. Saidi, Pouria. à ¬Individualism and the Issue of Race in the Works of Zora Neale Hurston.à ® Brighton High School, English Department Webpage. (1997): Online. Available: http://www.bcsd.org/BHS/english/mag97/papers/hurston.htm Washington, Mary Helen. à ¬The Darkened Eye Restored: Notes Toward a Literary History of Black Women.à ® Reading Black, Reading Feminist: A Critical Anthology. Ed. Henry Louis Gates, Jr. New York: Meridian, 1990. 30-43.

Insanity Defense: Why Should It Essay

Abstract The author of this paper argues several reasons why the insanity plea should be changed or either eliminated. The reasons are considered and supported by evidence. The conclusion states that insanity should be altered or eliminated for the safety and well being of society. Insanity Defense: Why Should It Be Abolished Or Altered Introduction The insanity defense asserts that the criminal defendant is not guilty by reason of insanity. This theory should be abolished or altered. The proposal behind the defense is people who are insane cannot have the knowledge required to perform a criminal act because they either do not know that act is wrong or cannot control their actions even when they understand the act is wrong, but this theory is controversial because insanity is difficult to define, and the circumstances in which insanity can be used to excuse criminal responsibility are difficult to define. History And Background The theory of the insanity defense has been around since ancient Greece and Rome. The theory was put in to use by Edward II. Under the English common law, a person was declared insane if their mental capacity was no more than a so-called â€Å"wild beast†. The first insanity trials began in 1724, those who  were insane and under the age of 14 were found not guilty in the court of law. (Wiki 2011) This eventually led to any criminal or defendant being able to use the plea to excuse the act that had been committed. Though the act was in place it wasn’t upheld in court and wasn’t problem at the time. In 1986 (Ford v. Wainwright) the US Supreme court upheld the common law that the insane cannot be executed. It also stated that a person under the death penalty is to be given a competency evaluation and a hearing in court on his or her chances to be executed. In Wainwright v. Greenfield the prosecutor can argue that a person’s silence during the readingâ€℠¢s of their Miranda rights is evidence of insanity. (Wiki 2011) The court gives jurisdiction for insanity in different rules or a combination of them. The â€Å"M’Nagthen rule† is where the defendant either did not understand what he or she did or failed to distinguish right from wrong, because the disease of the mind. The â€Å"Irresistible Impulse† test as a result of mental disease, defendant was unable to control his impulses, which led to the crime committed. The â€Å"Durham Rule† regardless of any diagnosis, defendant’s mental defect resulted in the criminal act. Finally the â€Å"Model Penal Code† due to the diagnosed mentally ill defendant either failed to understand the crime of his or her acts or was unable to act within the confines of the law. (Lally 1997)) The defense declares that a criminal defendant should not be guilty because the defendant is insane. Whens someone commits a crime in today’s society he or she may use mental illness as a defense, know as insanity plea or insanity defense (Dubsinki 1986). What the insanity defense does is try to give the criminal a so-called fair trial. Even if the crime committed is very extreme and seems to be unruly. The problem arises where do we draw the line for these criminals. What principle is a person considered insane and how is the tested? Insanity defense has been a problem in recent years, and that all criminals have some sort of mental illness. The crime itself no matter how extreme questions the fact if it demonstrates insanity. It has been a major ordeal in our legal system today. If the criminals are considered insane and out of touch with reality, the justice system agrees to pass the trial and the criminals are entered into a mental hospital. (Carpenter 2011) Criminals are then found not guilty by reason of insanity. The Problem For instance, the problem with insanity defense is legal analysts examine each client or criminal from a legal angle, also conversing to different doctors as well as specialists. Each client has to undergo tests. They do not actually come up with scientific prove from the brain to say the person is either mentally ill or not. (Khan 2014) This is the hardest part of the insanity defense, determining whether or not that person is mentally insane or acting like it. How can a person who kills twelve people including women and children be allowed to live in mental hospital while the victim’s families suffer from the loss of their loved ones. Forensic psychiatrist Jonas Rappeport saw such pleas during his quarter century as chief medical officer of Baltimore’s Circuit Court said, â€Å"When you’ve got no better defense, that’s the way to go.†(White 2011) The fact is sometimes these criminals are using the insanity defense to avoid the death penalty and continuing to live life in prison or mental hospitals, and under some circumstances are released from the mental hospitals affirming the patients have been cured (Khan 2014). Any defendant can use the defense. Lorena Bobbitt argued she was temporarily insane when she severed her husband’s penis with a kitchen knife four years ago. She was released after three months of psychiatric evaluation. (Carpenter 2011) Crimes happen everyday, some crimes are inexcusable and those who commit them should be punished. The punishment should fit the crime if we do something that is equally as extreme as take a life from another person, we should not be allowed to defend ourselves by insanity. Murder should go charged which is why the insanity plea should be altered or erased. It allows the criminals to go unpunished for their crime. Rebuttal There are however many criminals who do have some type of mental illness, but still are not eligible for the insanity plea. As shown in a recent survey of prison populations there are higher rates of mental illness and substance abuse among inmates than the general population. (Lally1997) The determining of insanity is very difficult and can inaccurate. If the person is clinically insane what principles do we use to penalize the individual for the crimes they committed? If he or she does not know right from wrong and if the person is out of touch with reality, under what circumstances is the plea suitable for the crime committed? An example would be if shoplifter was  charged for his or her crime and uses the insanity plea as a defense saying they weren’t in touch with reality, we would give that person a reduced sentence. If the person confirms to be insane they need to receive help, if we decided to put that person into a prison it would not help them what so ever. The insanity plea is a very controversial topic many people think it should be erased others think it should be altered. The difficulty of changing the plea is because of the determining if one is sane of not and under what right to do we have to choose the faith of another person. Resolution Accordingly resolution is the insanity plea should be erased or abolished because it’s a threat to the American people. Considering a large number of Americans feel the insanity plea should be erased or even altered to protect people’s own safety. (Dubsinki 1986) Using the insanity plea in a murder case and getting away with disproves the American people. Imagine the reaction people would feel if a murderer who just recently left the mental institution after pleading mentally insane were walking shoulder to shoulder to them. Insanity should not be used as a so-called excuse to avoid the punishment of the crime someone has committed. They should be punished for their actions they ch oose to do and neither the justice or court system should have a say in that. Even though the difficulty to prove sanity is questionable, the person should go through a broader series of tests and have evidence compelling towards insanity. (Harris 2013) If this person is sent to a mental hospital and then is considered cured or not a threat, he or she free to go which is wrong and corrupt. We should have firm standard for judging whether a person is mentally ill or not. Conclusion Thus, the plea should be altered or even erased in some circumstances. Even though some of crimes committed would result in a death penalty for those who murder and kill for no reason. If that person is insane, the punishments should fit the crime they have committed. If they are unaware of what they were doing and the result is being found not guilty, who is to say that they will not commit another crime again. Murder should be punished with death in my opinion and the crime should fit the punishment and there should be no alibi in the court system. If we let these people continue t o use this excuse eventually our jails and mental will be full and the government will be spending even more  money. (Harris 2013) Taking these so called mentally insane people off the streets will give America a safer conscious. References, Dubsinki, K. D. (1986, July 15). Insanity Defense. In Chicago Tribute. Retrieved March 28, 2014, from http://articles.chicagotribune.com Khan, Z. (2014, March 21). Interview by HK Khan [Personal Interview]. Insanity defense Harris, M. (2013, January 14). Insanity plea repeated. In The Baltimore Sun . Retrieved March 20, 2014, from http://articles.baltimoresun.com/2009-01-14/ Insanity defense (2011, April 11). In Wikipedia . Retrieved April 17, 2014, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insanity_defense Carpenter, P. (2011, December 29). Legal system needs to rethink insanity, related defense ploys. In The Morning Call . Retrieved April 17, 2014, from http://articles.mcall.com/ White, M. D. (2011, January 11). Debating the Insanity Defense. In Psychology Today . Retrieved April 16, 2014, from http://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/ Lally, S. (1997, November 3). Drawing a Clear Line Between Criminals and the Criminally Insane. In Washington Post. Retrieved April 20, 2014, from http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/local/longterm/aron/expert1123.htm

Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen - 859 Words

In Jane Austen’s 1813 Pride and Prejudice displayed the 1800’s culture revolving around marriage, gentry, and the Rights of Women. The time era in Pride and prejudice, wealth influenced social interactions, and matrimonies. Pride and prejudice revolved around a conservative view of social life gradually branching throughout â€Å"wants and needs† into an ongoing profession of modern day marriages. Mainly focused on the Bennet family regarding marriage due to Mrs. Bennet advocates her five daughters to pursue connubial; largely directed on Jane, Elizabeth, and Lydia Bennet. Austen precisely depicts the customs of the early 18th century of economic benefit over love in marriage. Austen’s presentation of prejudgment challenge many characters, for one, Elizabeth Bennet and Mr. Darcy particularly through their differences and pride they encounter with one another. Mr. Darcy a close friend of Mr. Bingely both very wealthy, yet Mr. Darcy exposed as an arrogant man. Mr. Darcy is formally introduced at a festivity disgruntled, and condescendingly discards Elizabeth for a dance however Mr. Bingley is preoccupied dancing with Jane throughout the ball. As time progressed Jane now indisposed as a result of halting within a downpour in an attempt to visit Caroline, Mr. Bingley’s sister, compelling to stay with Mr. Bingley for quite a few days resulting in Elizabeth traveling to Netherfield to care for Jane. Elizabeth unintentionally attracts Mr. Darcy as she nurses Jane back toShow MoreRelatedPride And Prejudice By Jane Austen Essay1724 Words à ‚  |  7 PagesThe 18th century novel, Pride and Prejudice, by Jane Austen, is a fascinating book about a young woman’s struggle with family and love. Pride and Prejudice was originally published in 1813, but, the most common version of the story, and the one used for this research, is from the version published in 1892, still by only Jane Austen, though many other authors have contributed to this book over time. Austen often references the class system at the time, often noting one of the multiple heroine’s struggleRead MorePride And Prejudice By Jane Austen1467 Words   |  6 Pages Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen is a classic novel that has remained relevant even years after its release. Its themes and symbols are understandable to even the most modern of reader. One of the many themes is sisterhood, something that is focused on constantly throughout the novel. Elizabeth Bennet, the protagonist of the novel, finds many of her decisions to be based upon the actio ns of her sisters. Making sisterhood a main driving force. Whether they are confiding in each other for marriageRead MorePride And Prejudice By Jane Austen872 Words   |  4 PagesIn my personal cherished novel, Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen, the worlds of two immensely divergent people display the marxist idea of the importance of social status and its affect on the people. The two main characters seem to be on opposite ends of the earth in terms of an affluent Mr. Darcy being so privileged while on the contrary, Miss Elizabeth Bennet is of a lower class. Throughout the novel, there is a fine distinction between their clashing opinions and actions that are highly influencedRead MorePride And Prejudice By Jane Austen Essay1711 Words   |  7 Pageshe 18th century novel, Pride and Prejudice, by Jane Austen, is a fascinating book about a young woman’s struggle with family and love. Pride and Prejudice was originally published in 1813, but, the most common version of the story, and the one used for this research, is from the version published in 1892, still by only Jane Austen, though many other authors have contributed to this book over time. Austen often references the class system at the time, often noting one of the multiple heroine’s struggleRead MorePride And Prejudice By Jane Austen1285 Words   |  6 PagesPride and Prejudice Analysis I.Introduction Jane Austen wrote her novels during the time period known as the Regency. The Enlightenment and the Age of Reason, a time where ideas like democracy, secularism, and the rise of developing sciences were making their way across Europe had come to an end.It was replaced with the wave of horror that was the French Revolution, a once minor revolt that escalated into a violent war, concluding with the rise of Napoleon, which whom England fought against the majorityRead MorePride And Prejudice By Jane Austen1384 Words   |  6 PagesNicole Voyatzis Professor W. Acres HISTORY 1401E May 26, 2015 Discussion Paper - Pride and Prejudice Pride and Prejudice written in 1813 by Jane Austen tells the story of The Bennet’s and their five unmarried daughters. The family live as part of the lower gentry in early 19th century England. With that being said, Mrs. Bennet’s primary focus in life is to ensure that all her daughters are married, preferably to wealthy men. The book begins with Mrs. Bennet seeing an opportunity for her daughtersRead MorePride And Prejudice By Jane Austen1570 Words   |  7 PagesThe comical novel Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen depicts the love life of women in the early 1800’s. Austen shows the hardships young women in that time period had to go threw to find their place in this world. Women were thought of as objects to the men, they were supposed to be stay at home mothers, or simple just a accessory to their partner. Women were the subordinates in life, as they still are today. Austen tells the story of how Mrs. Bennet (a mother of 5) works tirelessly to get her daughte rsRead MoreJane Austen: Pride and Prejudice 1086 Words   |  5 PagesJane Austen, born December 16, 1775, was an English novelist whose works of romantic fiction earned her a place as one of the most widely read authors in English literature. Austen’s novels critique the life of the second half of the eighteenth century and are part of the transition to nineteenth-century realism. Though her novels were by no means autobiographical, her fictional characters do shed light on the facts of her life and but more importantly, they offered aspiring writers a model of howRead MorePride And Prejudice By Jane Austen914 Words   |  4 Pages Bell 1 Natalie Bell Pedersen English 4 honors 29 February 2016 Pride and Prejudice Essay Jane Austen s novel, Pride and Prejudice, focuses on the social conflicts of England during the 1800s. Elizabeth Bennet and Mr. Darcy fall in love, and face social criticism. Mr. Darcy struggles with the ideology of societal expectations while falling in love with Elizabeth Bennet. After persistent self-reflection, Mr. Darcy overcomes the stereotype of whom he should marry, and marries ElizabethRead More Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen 1104 Words   |  5 Pagesrate of over 50% from 1970-2010. However, during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, marriage was often one of the few choices for a woman’s occupation. Reading Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen from the twenty-first century perspective might make some matters that are stressed in the book seem dated or trivial. As Pride and Prejudice was set sometime during the Napoleonic Wars, it is only fitting that finding a proper marriage is on the minds of many of the women in the book. Marriage and marrying

Risk And Return From Investing In Foreign Securities Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 8 Words: 2264 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Cause and effect essay Did you like this example? The purpose of this essay is to examine the implications, risks, and returns associated with foreign security investments. Analyzing these factors associated with investing in foreign securities has become extremely important due to the increasing number of foreign security investments in recent years. This essay introduces analytical factors to determine the attractiveness for investing in foreign securities. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Risk And Return From Investing In Foreign Securities Finance Essay" essay for you Create order Analytical factors include implications of economic objectives and accounting standards, returns of increased profitability and portfolio diversification, and risks of exchange rate and currency fluctuations. The conclusive findings of this essay exacerbate the need for analysis of implications, risks, and returns when investing in foreign securities. Introduction Any security denominated or expressed in foreign currency is referred to as a foreign security. Foreign securities usually take the form of common or preferred stocks, bonds, debentures, and shares. For purposes of this paper, analysis of foreign security investments will take the form of common stocks. Analyzing the risks and returns associated with investing in foreign securities is becoming increasingly significant due to the growing international investment in the last several decades. Investing in foreign securities has just recently become increasingly efficient and instantaneous through technological advancements. The scope of this paper includes implications, risks, and returns associated with foreign security investments. A foreign security is similar to that of a U.S. security. Implications involved with foreign security investments include a thorough analysis of foreign governments economic objectives, and standards of accounting. There are two chief reasons why peopl e invest in foreign securities, which include returns of increased profitability, and portfolio diversification. However, integrating investments internationally requires analysis of two distinctly different factors of risk such as exchange rate and currency rate fluctuations. Foreign security investments, in recent years have become an integral piece of the global investments arena. Several ways to invest in international securities are available. Foreign and domestic markets exist for trading foreign securities. Foreign securities can be purchased through a broker in the United States market in the form of an American Depository Receipt (ADR), or in the same form as they appear in the foreign country. Some countries only trade their companys stock on a foreign stock market. In this case, your broker may process your order for you. One way in invest in foreign securities is to go through a brokerage firm. Implications of Foreign Security Investments Economic Objectives Government economic objectives are of great importance when deciding to invest internationally. Countries economic objectives illuminate possible political risks associated with exchange rate movements. Also, economic objectives are considerably important in the analysis of a countries inflation risk. Economic objectives provide a picture of the countries stability, growth, or recess of a currency. Therefore, a thorough analysis of countries economic objectives is becoming more important than ever before in terms of making a wise investment decision. Company information is readily available to the investors seeking to invest in foreign securities. As mentioned by Ruben Shohet (1974), says that industrial countries with high inflation can cause adverse effects on equity investments. Economic objectives are extremely influential in the determination of a countries inflation rate. The government can intervene to affect the inflation rate by changing the nations interest rate. Gener ally speaking, a national with high rates of expected and real inflation are less likely candidates for investments due to higher prices and lower interest rates. Chairman Ben S. Bernanke (2010), in his most recent speech, stated that helping households make more informed decision requires the understanding of central bank policies for lowering economic and financial uncertainty. A nations economic objectives set the standards for all aspects of investing in the home countries assets. Economic objectives are mainly determined by a nations government, and encompass standards of accounting, political climate, currency valuation, and exchange rate fluctuations. A thorough analysis of a nations economic objectives is vital in determining countries investment attractiveness. Accounting Standards . Analysis of different accounting standards is highly recommended when investing in foreign securities. Many foreign enterprises are expected to present their accounts consistent with the U.S. capital market; this is because in recent years there is an increasing attractiveness in U.S. capital markets. Ruben Shohet (1974) says countries standards of accounting as well as auditing are substantially different. Some countries have similar accounting standards as the United States. However, other countries have considerably different accounting standards. Inevitably, accounting standards differ from culture to culture. A considerable amount of countries have different accounting standards and are legally enforced differently according to the economic objectives of a government. The United States accounting standards are in ordinance with Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP). Another widely adopted accounting standard is that of the International Accounting Standards Board ( IASB). As mentioned earlier, some foreign securities can be purchased on the United States market with brokerage assistance. An advantage to purchasing foreign securities registered with the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) is that all listings are required to submit audited and consolidated financial statements. This allows the investor to analyze the foreign securities financial statements to appropriately determine the investment potentiality. However, foreign firms that sell their securities on foreign markets require the investor to do additional research to determine whether or not to invest. The investor must be fully aware of the foreign accounting standards required by different nations in which they wish to invest. In recent years, many nations have adopted international accounting standards to gain access to the United States capital market. Returns Increased Profitability Profitability is limited when a corporation solely invests in domestic stocks. Investing solely in domestic securities such as that found in the United States, strictly limits profitability to the returns available from domestic securities. However, expanding security investments to foreign securities increases potential profits exponentially. Corporations have only recently realized the increased profitability potential by investing internationally. Recent evidence provided reasons to expand investment opportunities to encompass foreign stocks as well as domestic stocks. According to Ruben Shohet (1974) international investments bring forth a universe of investment opportunities. It is a fact that expanding investments into the global arena encompassing foreign securities increases profit potentiality exponentially. Increasing your investment scope to include foreign securities introduces greater possibilities of increased profitability. Increased profits from expanding investm ent opportunities in the foreign security arena can be linked and associated with portfolio diversification. Expanding investment opportunities into the investment arena include returns from domestic securities as well as foreign securities. Also, investing in domestic and foreign securities ultimately reduce inherent risks associated with securities markets. This is due to the fact that when one market is doing poorly the other market should be doing much better. Ultimately, increasing profitability potentials should be one of the best reasons to expand investments to encompass foreign stocks. Given that many market makers have emerged in the past forty years, it has become extremely easy to begin investing in foreign securities to increase profitability. Portfolio Diversification Diversifying your portfolio with both domestic and foreign stocks substantially reduces the overall investment risk. United States Securities and Exchange Commission (2007) stated that benefits of diversification include the compilation of foreign company and market investments that differ from the U.S. economy. United States investment returns sometimes move in a different direction than international market investment returns. Also, even if both domestic and international returns are adversely affecting overall portfolio returns they do so at a substantially different rate. Diversifying an investment portfolio can reduce portfolio risk while simultaneously increasing possible returns. However, according to the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (2009), if you dont include enough risk in your portfolio, your investments may not earn a large enough return to meet your goal. Diversifying a portfolio using foreign stock markets can help balance overall losses when U. S. stock markets are performing poorly. The U.S. stock market remains the largest in the world; however, foreign stock markets now account for more than 50% of all global stock market capitalization. Taking advantage of growth rates abroad and diversifying portfolios globally is becoming increasingly important in reducing portfolio risk. Cathy Pareto (2010), states that Modern Portfolio Theory (MPT) establishes that global markets fluctuate in different intervals and by integrating low correlation assets in an investment portfolio appropriately, risk will be reduced despite the assets volatility. Generally speaking, market conditions that cause one asset category to have positive returns often cause another asset category to have the opposite effect. A foreign security investment strategy for portfolio diversification is to invest in a group of differently categorized securities, that when one investment category is negatively affected the other investment category is positively affected. By investing in more than one category of foreign securities the risk of losing money is greatly reduced. The ultimate goal of portfolio diversification with foreign securities is to balance risks with returns, and hope for a larger return than losses. Risks Exchange Rate Risk As investors begin to broaden their investment universe and take advantage of foreign stocks, one must also assume the risks associated with foreign exchange rate fluctuations. There are several ways that changes in exchange rates can affect investments in foreign securities. According to the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (2007) explains how investment returns can increase or decrease when exchange rate fluctuations between foreign currencies and the U.S. dollar change. Ultimately, exchange rates affect investment returns when you sell the foreign securities, and the need arises to convert the money you receive back into dollars. A thorough analysis of future exchange rate fluctuations, based on your personal techniques, must be conducted in order to foresee beneficial or adverse fluctuations. There are techniques commonly used to reduce the inherent risk of exchange rate fluctuations. Such techniques include hedging exchange rate risks by purchasing insurance. Insuran ce strategies available include financial derivatives such as options and/or futures. Examples of options are calls, puts, straddles, strangles, and spreads. All of these examples of options are used exclusively, or by combining specific options, to hedge portfolio risk due to exchange rate fluctuations. Futures, for example, are used to lock in the price of an exchange rate in the future. Futures are very useful if you predict the exchange rate has high volatility, or will have an adverse effect on your portfolio. Also, futures are prominently used as a hedging technique by exporters to insure minimum required profits, by locking in the sales price in the future. Speculation is inherent in purchasing financial derivatives as insurance, because you are in essence betting on the future exchange rate movement based on your prediction techniques. Currency Risk The risks associated with the depreciation or appreciation of currency is inherent when investing internationally. Cathy Pareto (2010) exacerbates the notion of how currency fluctuations can affect foreign investments, and how such fluctuations increase or decrease the risks of investing in foreign securities. Therefore, analyzing factors that influence currency risk is vital when investing in foreign securities. The analysis of currency risk factors encompasses a nations political climate, inflation rate, and interest rate expectations. A nations political environment is a major determinant of currency valuation in the short and long term. This is because in some cases governments intervene to set short and long term currency valuation. The political environment of a nation that an investor wishes to invest in foreign securities must be analyzed and researched thoroughly to determine the risks inherent with investing in that particular country. In the long term, inflation erode s a portfolios purchasing power, Richard Barrington (2010). A nations current or expectation of inflation rates can make or break foreign security investment decisions. Inflation rate expectations are good determinants of a nations purchasing power in the future. A nations economic objectives can determine inflation rate, which in turn set the bar for expected future imports and exports. Despite the perceived dangers of foreign investing, an investor may reduce the risk of loss from fluctuations in exchange rates by hedging with currency futures, Cathy Pareto (2010). In general, financial derivatives are an excellent way to hedge inherent risks associate with any financial asset. In the case of currency futures, reducing inherent risk is important especially if predictions of currency fluctuations are highly volatile or adverse. Conclusion Analyzing the risks and returns associated with investing in foreign securities is becoming increasingly significant decision making process in determining where to invest as well as what to invest in. It can be concluded that before you invest in foreign securities, you should learn as much about the company and its home country as you can. Obviously implications of foreign security investments stand with high importance and relevance when determining which securities to invest in. Expanding an investment portfolio to encompass foreign securities is an excellent way to increase potential profits. The returns associated with expanding investments to include foreign securities are exponential. As you can see there are several risks associated with foreign investments such as that of exchange rate and currency fluctuation risks. However, several techniques are available to reduce the inherent risks associated with foreign investments. As mentioned earlier, techniques for hedging r isk of foreign investments include purchasing insurance such as options or futures. These portfolio hedging techniques are commonly used to decrease risks associated with foreign investments. Also, returns of foreign security investments can be hedged and increased through the process of portfolio diversification. In conclusion, investing in foreign securities has risks and returns associated with expanding investment portfolio. Analysis of foreign security implications must be conducted to determine investment potential. Risks associated with investing in foreign securities are an important ingredient for analysis, and can be reduced with commonly used insurance strategies. Investing in foreign securities has exponential returns that in most cases outweigh the perceived risks.

Censorship And Its Effect On Society - 992 Words

Sometimes censorship might have a positive effect on society. For example, parents consider censorship to be important in order to protect minors and some group of audiences from indecent broadcast or obscenity. Contents like this are deemed to be harmful or offensive to public good and are usually highly regulated by the government. Most parents agree that it is imperative to censor obscene entertainment in order to safeguard children from accessing harmful materials and this is one of the positive effects of censorship. On the contrary some people might have a different view and argue that viewing decisions should be made at home without government interference. They might argue that parents can exercise their authority on their children without resorting to censorship. There are devices that make it possible to block access to specific programs and web sites, reviews about books, recordings, and films are available easily. This will help parents determine what they feel is appropr iate for their youngsters. Advocates of these idea believe that parents have the right to challenge any work if the teaching contained is against their belief. One of the major effects of censorship is having limited access to information and a decline in creativity or openness. The people in power can determine what can and cannot be published by blocking the spread of information. This system prevents the information from being created and in the long run, it might result in a generationShow MoreRelatedCensorship And Its Effect On Society1680 Words   |  7 PagesI. A. Censorship. This single word describes the world’s history of literary sabotage, the idea of rejecting a concept or other medium of propaganda simply because it exhibits a disagreeable or supposedly immorally tepid aspect, then forcibly substituting a more ‘ethical’ ideal. Since King Hammurabi stamped out the first cuneiform laws in Babylon, human society has experienced relentless episodes of chronic censorship. It wasn’t until the Roman Empire however, that the word censor was coined, meaningRead MoreCensorship And Its Effect On Society1325 Wor ds   |  6 PagesWestern society. It is also said that information is practically the most powerful and important weapon against corruption in the world. Those who have access to sensitive information, by whatever means either through corruption or unrestricted access, can use this information to demand bribes and even obtain more information by corruption or hide it from others. Owning that access and practicing the act of corruption and maladministration will increase transparency and will also enable society and evenRead MoreCensorship And Its Effects On Society Essay1341 Words   |  6 Pageswork in comparison to something I am passionate about. Some people argue that censorship is important to both writers and readers and benefit them both. I believe that censorship can hinder a writer’s progress in literature and may not benefit the reader because not everyone thinks nor reacts the same. Censorship is not helpful to everyone and it can be argued that it is not only u nnecessary, but harmful to others. Censorship among readers does more harm than good, in certain cases. It will not stimulateRead MoreCensorship And Its Effect On Society1581 Words   |  7 Pages politically unacceptable, or a threat to security.† Simply, censorship is restricting or hiding information so it cannot be accessed by others. Ray Bradbury uses the novel to show concern with the idea of censorship and how it might affect the society. The theme of censorship is obvious through the banning and burning of books. In the first part of the novel, it becomes obvious that censorship began among the citizens of their society. At first they only censored the books that made people thinkRead MoreCensorship And Its Effect On Society Essay1343 Words   |  6 Pagesshift to students’ ability to read beyond â€Å"inappropriate.† (Denzin, 1). Censorship has become a big problem in society today especially in schools using trigger warnings because it is limiting stu dents of their overall learning. Society is banning â€Å"questionable† content because it may offend a student s morals or beliefs, but in the real world it is something that students need to learn and understand. As time goes on censorship is damaging the younger generations by banning information that is importantRead MorePositive And Negative Effects Of Censorship In Society798 Words   |  4 PagesCensorship is the suppression, alteration, or prohibition of any parts of books, films, news, music, etc. that are considered obscene, politically unacceptable, or a threat to security. Censorship is an action that has been performed for many years on several subjects of the world, and it is still happening today. Although censorship is an action occurred on many subjects, music is one of the biggest censorship problems in today’s world. Music can have both positive and negative effects on a personRead MoreInternet Censorship And Its Effect On Society1053 Words   |  5 PagesInternet Censorship is Detrimental to Society The Internet was designed to enable and facilitate communications with connected systems at the local, state, national and international levels. The United States Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) launched a research campaign to find effective ways to link computers to help the exchange of information. In the 1990s, the Internet took off and entered a growth phase which caused an increase in communications worldwide. DARPA did notRead MoreStudies in Contemporary Literature: Free Speech1622 Words   |  7 Pages Censorship is the suppression of speech or other public communication which may be considered objectable, harmful, sensitive, politically incorrect or inconvenient as determined as determined by the government, media outlet, or other controlling bodies (Wikipedia, 1). This can be done by governments and private organizations or by individuals who engage in self-censorship which is the act of censoring or classifying one’s own work like blog, books, films, or other means of expression, out of theRead MoreThe Debate About Censorship1495 Words   |  6 PagesThe Debate about Censorship Censorship, the control of the information and ideas circulated within a society, has been a characteristic of dictatorships throughout history. In the 20th Century, censorship was achieved through the examination of books, plays, films, television and radio programs, news reports, and other forms of communication for the purpose of altering or suppressing ideas found to be objectionable or offensive. There have been assorted justifications for censorship, with some censorsRead MoreFahrenheit 451 By Ray Bradbury1200 Words   |  5 Pagesby life in society, authors are able to create work that speaks to their observations and views on society and its functions. In the book Fahrenheit 451, Ray Bradbury incorporated the corruption of the society in which he lived in into the dystopian society created in his book. Fahrenheit 451, a fictional book about a protagonist’s attempt to overcome a dystopian society’s corruption, was written by Ray Bradbury while living in 1950â⠂¬â„¢s America. The book focuses on themes of censorship, and illustrates

Effective Management Personal and Professional Skills free essay sample

Three Personal and Three Professional Skills for Effective Management Effective Management is very crucial in a business, this helps in tackling problems by remaining focused and overcome challenging situations which a company may encounter. This also helps in making the company more efficient. To be an effective manager, one needs to have certain skills, both personal and professional skills. Personal skills The following are personal skills which a good and effective manager should have: †¢ Communication skills †¢ Supportive skills †¢ Enthusiasm Communication skills: It is essential for a manager to have good communication skills, especially with his employees. This is how ideas are conveyed and shared. Listening skills are also part of communication skills, there is no point of starting a communication without getting no feedback, or ignoring the feedback one may have given. A manager is not only there to make rules for staff to abide with, but the aim of a manager is to set up missions, goals and objectives for the company. We will write a custom essay sample on Effective Management: Personal and Professional Skills or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The manager needs to listen to new ideas which employees and other managers may propose and suggest. There should be no barriers to communication with employees, since the more communication there is, the more ideas are being shared. Communication skills maybe through various mediums- through phones, emails, face-to-face, meetings and presentations, an effective manager is to know how to choose the best medium of communication, depending on the message he would like to pass on to. Manager should not only have good communication skills with his employees but also when is during a meeting with other organisations, as he/she will be representing the whole organisation. If he/she gives negative impact, then the organisation is giving a negative reputation. Supportive skills: A manager should support staff and not make them feel inferior. By supporting employees, one is to listen to what they have to say and encourage them in every aspect. When the employees are getting the support they need, they feel more involved and this leads to higher motivation among staff members. High motivation helps them to work at their best performance, where better results are achieved. Therefore for optimum results, this is very important for a business. Enthusiasm: A manager is to be enthusiastic. It is known that negativity is contagious; this means that if for example employees are being supervised under a negative manager, they tend to be pessimistic as well. Managers are to bring enthusiasm at workplace with a ‘can-do’ attitude, if there will be no enthusiasm, there will be lack of motivation. Enthusiastic managers are determined, and so they strive to achieve the company’s goals and overcome any obstacles and challenges without giving up. Professional skills: †¢ Leadership skills †¢ Goal setting skills †¢ Problem solving skills Leadership skills: To have a good and effective management, a manager is to be able to motivate staff toward a common goal. A manager / leader is to know and understand the needs and characteristics of him/herself and of each staff member. This will help to show respect to every individual and to deal directly with each person. This creates a good rapport with all employees, which also leads to a higher motivation. Goal setting skills: There is no point of managing a business without having any aims and goals. A manager should set up goals for the employees to follow. Such goals are to be realistic and challenging. A manager strives to make the company successful, this cannot happen if the goals set are not challenging, if no new ideas are shared and the business would not adapt to new technology changes, it will make it no better than another company. An effective manager should set goals which are innovative. For every goal set, an intensive research is to be done, to verify that it satisfies the customers and potential customers demand. Problem solving skills: Every business sometime or another find obstacles and difficulties. To be an effective manager, one is to be a good problem solver, by analysing and tries to identify the cause of the problem. A manager should know how to come out with new ideas and new options to overcome the problem. It is important for one to evaluate well each option and to consult with other employees and/or managers to ensure that the best decision is being taken.